INNOVATIVE INTEGRITY PACTS IN SPAIN: ENHANCING PUBLIC SECTOR ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS AND PRACTICES

Contextualization: The detriments stemming from improper practices in public procurement, encompassing illicit acts such as bribery, illegal commissions, collusion, fraud, facilitation of payments, or manipulation of bidding processes, represent a complex challenge that necessitates a collaborative response from multiple stakeholders. Integrity Pacts emerge as an innovative solution with substantial potential in this context, posing both a challenge and a complement to law and public policy formulation and implementation. Objectives: The objective of this research is to present the knowledge gained from the experience of four pilot integrity pacts implemented in Spain between April 2017 and January 2019. Method: The structure of this text follows the following scheme: first, a literature review on the extent and advantages of Integrity Pacts (IPs) as a collective action tool against corruption in public procurement is conducted. Subsequently, the relationship between corruption and public procurement in the context of Spain is analyzed. Next, a detailed comparison of the implementation process of the four IPs in Spain is carried out. Finally, the conclusions offer key ideas and practical advice on the path to sustainable change beyond the impacts. Results: This paper presents the results of Spain's four Integrity Pacts, highlighting the collaboration between civil society, government, and businesses to enhance decision-making processes In its conclusions, this paper presents key ideas and practical tips for assessing and improving the impact of Integrity Pacts, particularly with a view to achieving lasting change.