LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE RECOVERY OF ECONOMIC LOSSES SUFFERED BY VICTIMS OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES IN INDONESIA

The legal framework for compensating victims of criminal offenses for economic losses in Indonesia still faces fundamental challenges regarding legal norms, institutional structures, and implementation mechanisms, resulting in legal gaps in the procedures and effectiveness of compensation, particularly for mass victims. This situation becomes even more complex when the perpetrators of criminal acts cannot be held accountable, necessitating legal reform focused on victim protection, legal certainty, and operational and sustainable compensation mechanisms. The objective of this study is to analyze and critique the legal framework for the economic restitution of victims of criminal offenses in Indonesia and to formulate a model for legal reform regarding the economic restitution of victims of criminal offenses that focuses on victim protection, legal certainty, and effective and sustainable restitution mechanisms. The research method employed is normative legal research using a legislative and conceptual approach, encompassing an analysis of positive legal provisions regarding the recovery of economic losses for victims of criminal offenses, as well as a study of legal doctrines and principles concerning victim protection, restorative justice, and the concept of the Pancasila Rule of Law. The findings of this study indicate that the legal framework for the recovery of economic losses suffered by victims of criminal offenses in Indonesia remains weak, particularly in ensuring effective recovery for a large number of victims, given the dominance of a system focused on the perpetrator and the legal vacuum that arises when the perpetrator cannot be prosecuted. The proposed legal reform model emphasizes victim restitution as a priority by integrating restorative justice approaches, asset forfeiture, and restitution mechanisms that involve the state as the protector of victims in accordance with the values of Pancasila.